Revision Knee Replacement
Revision knee replacement, or revision knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace a problematic artificial knee joint. It addresses issues like wear, implant loosening, or infection from a previous knee replacement. The surgery involves removing existing components, addressing bone loss, and implanting new components designed for improved function and stability.
Here's an overview of the typical steps involved in a hip replacement procedure:
1. Patient Evaluation
Before the revision surgery, the patient undergoes a comprehensive evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon. This includes a thorough review of the patient's medical history, a physical examination, and diagnostic imaging to assess the condition of the existing knee implant and surrounding structures.
2. Anesthesia
On the day of the revision surgery, the patient is administered anesthesia to ensure comfort and pain control during the procedure. The type of anesthesia, whether general or regional, is determined based on the patient's health and the surgeon's preference.
3. Incision
Once under anesthesia, the surgeon makes an incision over the knee to access the joint. The size and location of the incision depend on the specifics of the revision, with considerations for the removal of existing implants and addressing any complications.
4. Removal of Existing Components
The surgeon carefully removes the existing artificial joint components. This may involve separating the implant from the bone, addressing any cement used in the initial surgery, and evaluating the condition of the surrounding soft tissues.
5. Addressing Bone Loss
If there is bone loss, the surgeon may use bone grafts or specialized implants to address the deficiencies. This step is crucial for ensuring the stability and longevity of the revised knee replacement.
6. Implant Placement
New knee components, designed for revision cases, are implanted. These typically include a metal femoral component, a metal tibial component, and a plastic spacer to facilitate smooth movement. The surgeon ensures proper alignment and stability.
7. Closure
After implant placement, the surgeon closes the incision with stitches or staples and applies a sterile dressing to the wound.
8. Recovery and Rehabilitation
Similar to primary knee replacement, postoperative care involves a hospital stay and a structured rehabilitation program. Physical therapy is vital for regaining strength, flexibility, and function in the revised knee.
Revision knee replacement is a complex procedure, and its success depends on factors such as the patient's overall health, the extent of bone loss, and the expertise of the surgical team. While it is a valuable intervention to address challenges with the initial knee implant, careful consideration and thorough evaluation are essential before opting for revision knee replacement.