Total Knee Replacement
Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure replacing a damaged knee joint with artificial components. It alleviates pain, restores joint function, and enhances mobility. Candidates undergo evaluation, and surgery involves removing damaged cartilage and bone, replacing them with prosthetic components. Postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for optimal recovery and long-term success.
Here's an overview of the typical steps involved in a knee replacement procedure:
1. Patient Evaluation
Before the surgery, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon. This evaluation includes a review of the patient's medical history, a physical examination, and often imaging studies like X-rays or MRI scans to assess the extent of joint damage.
2. Anesthesia
On the day of the surgery, the patient is administered anesthesia to ensure they are comfortable and pain-free during the procedure. The type of anesthesia (general or regional) is determined based on the patient's health and the surgeon's preference.
3. Incision
Once the patient is under anesthesia, the surgeon makes an incision over the knee to access the joint. The size and location of the incision may vary, with minimally invasive techniques becoming more common.
4. Resection of Damaged Tissue
The surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone). In some cases, the underside of the patella (kneecap) may also be resurfaced.
5. Implant Placement
The artificial joint components, typically made of metal and plastic, are then attached to the prepared bone surfaces. These components may include a metal femoral component, a metal tibial component, and a plastic spacer to allow smooth movement between the components.
5. Closure
After implant placement, the surgeon closes the incision with stitches or staples. A sterile dressing is applied to the wound
6. Recovery and Rehabilitation
Postoperative care involves a period of recovery in the hospital followed by rehabilitation. Physical therapy is crucial to help the patient regain strength, flexibility, and function in the replaced knee.
Knee replacement surgery is generally considered a highly successful procedure, providing long-term relief for many individuals. However, as with any surgery, there are risks and potential complications, and the decision to undergo knee replacement is made based on careful consideration of the patient's specific condition and overall health.